
Encyclopedia of the Narcissistic Abuser
From the Dyad to the Dark Decade — the reference work in six volumes
By Gildas Garrec · 1258 pages · 2026
Available formats
About this book
L'ouvrage de référence en six tomes sur la perversion narcissique : fondements historiques et théoriques, psychologie du manipulateur, la victime et l'emprise, sociologie et contextes, thérapie et reconstruction, et un dictionnaire encyclopédique de 174 entrées. 1 258 pages, plus de 1 100 références vérifiées une à une.
There is no shortage of books on narcissistic abuse. What did not exist was a single work bringing together what psychoanalysis, empirical psychology, sociology and clinical practice actually say about it — including where they disagree and where the evidence runs thin. This six-volume encyclopedia does exactly that: the genealogy of the concept from the myth of Narcissus to the DSM-5, the personality structure and mechanisms of the manipulator, the victim's vulnerabilities and the phases of coercive control, the sociology of abuse across family, workplace, politics and cults, the therapeutic approaches with their actual level of validation, and a 174-entry dictionary. 1 258 pages, every figure sourced and every source verified.
Table of contents
- 1Table of contents
- 2Introduction: why begin with a myth?
- 31.1 Ovid: the canonical narrative of the *Metamorphoses*
- 41.2 Pausanias: the rationalized version
- 51.3 Symbolic analysis: the spring, the reflection, the impossible relation
- 61.4 Iconographic receptions: from Caravaggio to Dalí
- 7Chapter conclusion
- 8Introduction: the concept before the word
- 92.1 Plotinus: the soul held captive by the sensible
- 102.2 Rousseau: self-love and amour-propre
- 112.3 Hegel: the master–slave dialectic
- 122.4 Nietzsche: will to power and grandiosity
- 132.5 Honneth: recognition and identity injury
- 14Chapter conclusion
- 15Introduction: how a myth becomes a diagnosis
- 163.1 The Birth of Modern Psychiatry: Pinel and Esquirol
- 173.2 Morel and Degeneration: The Invention of the “Perversions”
- 183.3 The Clinical Baptisms: Ellis (1898) and Näcke (1899)
- 193.4 The Viennese Context: Charcot, Breuer, Freud
- 20Chapter Conclusion
- 21Freud · Klein · Winnicott · Kernberg
- 224.1 Introduction: why begin with Freud?
- 234.2 The 1914 context: a theoretical turning point under strain
- 244.3 *On Narcissism: An Introduction* (1914): architecture of the text
- 254.4 *The Uncanny* (1919): the narcissistic double
- 264.5 *Civilization and Its Discontents* (1930): the oceanic feeling
- 274.6 Limits of the Freudian model
- 284.7 Conclusion: what Freud bequeaths to the question of the narcissistic abuser
- 295.1 Introduction: the relational turn
- 305.2 The paranoid-schizoid position (roughly 0-4 months)
- 315.3 The depressive position (from 4-6 months onward)
- 325.4 Primary envy: *Envy and Gratitude* (1957)
- 335.5 Projective identification: the elementary mechanics of coercive control
- 345.6 Limits of the Kleinian model
- 355.7 Conclusion
- 366.1 Introduction: the environment enters the scene
- 376.2 The good enough mother: holding, handling, object presenting
- 386.3 The true self: spontaneity, creative gesture, sense of existing
- 396.4 The false self: the shell that protects by alienating
- 406.5 The grandiose as false self: link with the narcissistic personality
- 416.6 The transitional space: *Playing and Reality* (1971)
- 426.7 The capacity to be alone in the presence of the other
- 436.8 Therapeutic contributions: regression and environment
- 446.9 Conclusion
- 457.1 Introduction: The Great Structural Synthesis
- 467.2 The Three Personality Organizations
- 477.3 The Narcissistic Personality: The Pathological Grandiose Self
- 487.4 Malignant Narcissism: The Most Severe Form Short of Psychopathy
- 497.5 The Therapeutic Relationship: Confrontation, Transference, Countertransference
- 507.6 Major Contribution and Limitations
- 517.7 Chapter Conclusion and Transition
- 52Introduction: A Silent Revolution in American Psychoanalysis
- 53The break with the Freudian drive model: the Self as central structure
- 54Selfobject needs: mirroring, idealization, twinship
- 55The narcissistic injury: the failure of parental mirroring
- 56The grandiose-exhibitionistic self and the idealized parental imago
- 57Transformation: from archaic needs to maturity
- 58Empathy as the fundamental tool: vicarious introspection
- 59The Kohut–Kernberg controversy: empathy or confrontation
- 60Limits of the Kohutian model: the risk of validating grandiosity
- 61Chapter 8 bibliography
- 62Introduction: the theorist of emptiness
- 63The dead mother complex: impossible mourning
- 64Affective disinvestment and the hole in the psyche
- 65The psychic crypt and the necrosis of the ego
- 66The work of the negative: desymbolization and annihilation
- 67The phallic-narcissistic position: omnipotence against annihilation
- 68Death narcissism and the narcissistic personality: inner emptiness
- 69Analyzability and the clinical practice of borderline cases
- 70Bibliography for chapter 9
- 71Introduction: narcissism as structure, not as trait
- 72The mirror stage (1936/1949): the ego as identification with an image
- 73The imaginary register: rivalry, aggressiveness, capture
- 74The symbolic register: law, language, lack
- 75Desire as desire of the Other
- 76Foreclosure and psychosis: when the symbolic fails
- 77Jouissance: beyond the pleasure principle
- 78The subject caught in the imaginary of the Other: links with the clinical study of narcissism
- 79Critical contribution: Lacan against the psychologies of the Self
- 80Chapter 10 bibliography
- 81Introduction: the psychoanalyst who named the unnameable
- 8211.1 Racamier's biography and clinical context
- 8311.2 The creation of the term: the intellectual genesis of 1986
- 8411.3 Decorporation: the central mechanism
- 8511.4 The incestual and psychic incest
- 8611.5 The perverse relationship: a two-person dynamic
- 8711.6 Racamier and psychosis — a continuum?
- 8811.7 Clinical scope and limits of the Racamierian concept
- 89Chapter conclusion
- 90Introduction: when clinical work meets the general public
- 9112.1 Marie-France Hirigoyen: career and positioning
- 9212.2 *Le Harcèlement moral* (1998): content and contributions
- 9312.3 Perverse communication: a pragmatic analysis
- 9412.4 Hirigoyen's four stages of coercive control
- 95Clinical vignette 12.A — Anonymized and composite
- 9612.5 Extension to the couple and the family
- 9712.6 Legislative impact in France
- 9812.7 Academic and epistemological critiques
- 9912.8 Hirigoyen and Racamier: convergences and differences
- 100Chapter conclusion
- 101Introduction: two traditions, one and the same object
- 10213.1 Assessment of the psychoanalytic tradition (chapters 4 through 12)
- 10313.2 The epistemological dialogue: tensions and complementarities
- 10413.3 Cross-traditional convergences
- 10513.4 Persistent epistemological divergences
- 10613.5 Toward the Dark Triad: a conceptual bridge
- 10713.6 The bridge to Part 3: the Dark Triad as operational translation
- 10813.7 The Dark Decade as an integrative horizon
- 10913.8 What the clinician retains from this traversal
- 110Chapter Conclusion
- 11114.1. Two traditions, two ways of knowing
- 11214.2. Paulhus & Williams (2002): the birth certificate
- 11314.3. The three components
- 11414.4. What unites, what distinguishes
- 11514.5. Compact measurement instruments
- 11614.6. Prevalence in the general population
- 11714.7. The Dark Triad and gender
- 11814.8. Methodological critiques
- 119Chapter 14 bibliography
- 12015.1. Buckels, Jones & Paulhus (2013): the behavioral confirmation of sadism
- 12115.2. Everyday sadism
- 12215.3. Book et al. (2016) and the validation of the Tetrad
- 12315.4. Triad or Tetrad? The debate
- 124The theoretical extensions: from the Pentad to the Decad
- 12515.5. The Dark Pentad: pure malevolence (*spitefulness*)
- 12615.6. The Dark Hexad: Eysenck's psychoticism
- 12715.7. The Dark Heptad: callous/cold affect
- 12815.8. The Dark Octad: paranoid ideation
- 12915.9. The Black Ennead: systematic coercive control behavior (original proposal)
- 13015.10. The Dark Decade: the dehumanization of others
- 13115.11. Summary table of the Dark Decade
- 132Bibliography for chapter 15
- 13316.1. The Big Five model: the common language of normal personality
- 13416.2. Correlations of the Triad and the Tetrad with the Big Five
- 13516.3. HEXACO and the H factor: the keystone
- 13616.4. Major implication: a continuum, not a nature apart
- 137Bibliography for chapter 16
- 13817.1. Brain architecture and narcissism
- 13917.2. Neurochemistry
- 14017.3. Functional neuroimaging
- 14117.4. The nature/nurture debate remains open
- 142Bibliography for chapter 17
- 14318.1. Heritability: the lesson of twins
- 14418.2. Candidate genes: fragile findings
- 14518.3. Epigenetics: when the environment inscribes its mark
- 14618.4. The integrative model: nature + nurture + epigenetics
- 14718.5. Ethical implications: against reductionism
- 148Bibliography for chapter 18
- 14919.1. What the empirical approach has contributed
- 15019.2. Its limits in relation to psychoanalysis
- 15119.3. The construction site of extension: a program, not a dogma
- 15219.4. A call for interdisciplinarity
- 153Chapter 19 bibliography
- 15420.1 Introduction: why nosography matters
- 15520.2 History: from DSM-III (1980) to DSM-5 (2013)
- 15620.3 The diagnostic criteria for NPD (DSM-5, Section II)
- 15720.4 Epidemiology: prevalence and gender
- 15820.5 Section III: the alternative model of personality disorders (AMPD)
- 15920.6 Critique of the categorical model: comorbidity as a symptom
- 16020.7 Differential diagnosis
- 16120.8 Chapter conclusion
- 16221.1 The WHO and the other global nosography
- 16321.2 The ICD-11 model: severity, single qualifier, trait specifiers
- 16421.3 Where has narcissism gone?
- 16521.4 DSM-5 / ICD-11 comparison
- 16621.5 Clinical implications: does the dimensional approach change the diagnosis of narcissism?
- 16722.1 A preliminary observation: the term is not a diagnosis
- 16822.2 French genealogy of the term
- 16922.3 What the popular term contributes
- 17022.4 Drifts and problems of the popular concept
- 17122.5 What clinicians say
- 17222.6 Editorial proposal: a partition of usages
- 17322.7 Discussing it with patients: therapeutic issues
- 17423.1 Media coverage as amplifier
- 17523.2 Epistemic risks
- 17623.3 What science actually says
- 17723.4 Synthesis of Volume I: from Narcissus to the Dark Decad
- 17823.5 Chapter conclusion and opening onto Volume II
- 179Table of contents
- 1801.1 Introduction: Thinking About Personality in Structural Terms
- 1811.2 Neurotic Organization: The Structural Reference Point
- 1821.3 Psychotic Organization: Structural Disintegration
- 1831.4 Borderline Organization: The Intermediate Level and Its Paradoxes
- 1841.5 Pathological Narcissism as a Specific Borderline Organization
- 1851.6 Clinical and Therapeutic Implications
- 186Bibliographic References — Chapter 1
- 1872.1 Introduction: Two Theories for One and the Same Clinical Picture
- 1882.2 Kohut and Self Psychology: Developmental Trauma
- 1892.3 The secondary narcissistic wound: everyday triggers
- 1902.4 Kernberg's model: envy as first cause
- 1912.5 Clinical synthesis: Kernberg and Kohut as complementary lenses
- 1922.6 Manifestations of the grandiose Self in the coercive control relationship
- 193Bibliographical references — Chapter 2
- 1943.1 Introduction: defenses as the language of the structure
- 1953.2 Denial
- 1963.3 Splitting
- 1973.3bis Splitting induced in the victim
- 1983.4 Projection
- 1993.5 Projective identification
- 2003.6 Idealization and devaluation
- 2013.7 Synoptic table: defenses and manifestations in the coercive control relationship
- 202Bibliographic references — Chapter 3
- 2034.1 Introduction: shame, the central emotion of narcissistic psychopathology
- 2044.2 Nathanson (1992) and the psychology of shame
- 2054.3 The NPD subject and the predominance of attacking the other
- 2064.4 Shame as the energy structuring manipulation
- 2074.5 Shame in the victim: shame transfer
- 208References — Chapter 4
- 2095.1 Introduction: defining love bombing
- 2105.2 Etymology and historical context
- 2115.3 Deliberate strategy or compulsion: the empirical debate
- 2125.4 The neurochemistry of intensive seduction
- 2135.5 Active mirroring: merging into the other's desire
- 2145.6 Recognizing love bombing: warning signs
- 215References — Chapter 5
- 2166.1 Introduction: when reality becomes contested ground
- 2176.2 Origin of the term: George Cukor's film (1944)
- 2186.3 Robin Stern (2007): The Gaslight Effect
- 2196.4 Stern's three stages of gaslighting
- 2206.5 Gaslighting techniques
- 2216.6 Cognitive and neurobiological effects of gaslighting
- 222Bibliographic references — Chapter 6
- 2237.1 Introduction: the triangle as a relational structure
- 2247.2 Bowen (1978): the theory of triangles
- 2257.3 Triangulation in the NPD relationship: instrumentalized jealousy
- 2267.4 The psychological effects of triangulation on the victim
- 227Bibliographic references — Chapter 7
- 2288.1 Introduction: silence as a weapon
- 2298.2 Punishment by silence as symbolic death
- 2308.3 The neurobiological impact of social ostracism
- 2318.4 The phases of the silent treatment in narcissistic dynamics
- 2328.5 Silent treatment versus the need for time alone: a clinical distinction
- 233Bibliographic references — Chapter 8
- 2349.1 Introduction: the inversion of relational reality
- 2359.2 Projection: attributing one's own traits to the other
- 2369.3 Reversal: turning the victim into the perpetrator
- 2379.4 The effects of reversal on the victim
- 2389.5 Therapeutic implications: restoring reality
- 2399.6 Collective reversal: narrative victimization on social media
- 2409.7 Synthesis: the ecology of narcissistic manipulation
- 241Bibliographical references — Chapter 9
- 242Introduction
- 24310.1 Theoretical genesis: Freyd (1997) and institutional betrayal
- 24410.2 The three-stage mechanism
- 24510.3 Harsey, Zurbriggen, and Freyd (2017): DARVO and Victim Self-Blame
- 24610.4 Effects on the Victim: Confusion, Self-Blame, and Withdrawal of the Complaint
- 24710.5 DARVO and Betrayal Trauma: The Mechanisms of Functional Amnesia
- 24810.6 Therapeutic Implications in CBT
- 24910.7 DARVO in Institutional and Professional Contexts
- 25010.8 DARVO and Digital Culture
- 25110.9 Cross-Cultural Dimensions of DARVO
- 25210.10 Detailed Clinical Vignette
- 253Bibliography for Chapter 10
- 254Introduction
- 25511.1 Social control as an architecture of domination
- 25611.2 Isolation techniques: a methodical progression
- 25711.3 Isolation as a necessary condition for total coercive control
- 25811.4 Longitudinal data: the temporality of isolation
- 25911.5 Early clinical indicators
- 26011.6 Therapeutic implications
- 26111.7 Isolation and identity alteration
- 26211.8 Digital isolation: new forms of social control
- 26311.9 Isolation and Stockholm syndrome
- 26411.10 Resilience factors against isolation
- 265Chapter 11 bibliography
- 266Introduction
- 26712.1 Economic exploitation: mechanisms and forms
- 26812.2 Emotional debt: psychological exploitation
- 26912.3 Exploitation as a structural condition of the relationship
- 27012.4 Psychological consequences of exploitation: a complex clinical picture
- 27112.5 Psychological exploitation and operant conditioning
- 27212.6 The cycle of coerced debt: a long-term economic anchoring mechanism
- 27312.7 The continuum of exploitation: from mild to severe forms
- 27412.8 Clinical assessment instruments
- 275Bibliography for chapter 12
- 276Introduction
- 27713.1 The narcissistic continuum
- 27813.2 The NPI (Narcissistic Personality Inventory, Raskin & Terry, 1988)
- 27913.3 Measuring subclinical narcissism: beyond the NPI
- 28013.4 Why the majority of popularly labeled “narcissistic abusers” do not meet NPD criteria
- 28113.5 Grandiose self-display on social networks: subclinical narcissism and the digital space
- 28213.6 Narcissism in the Dark Tetrad: need for validation and narcissistic injury
- 28313.7 The DSM-5 alternative model: a dimensional approach
- 28413.8 NPD in therapy: resistances and levers
- 28513.9 Narcissism, shame, and intimate partner violence
- 286Chapter 13 Bibliography
- 287Introduction
- 28814.1 Machiavelli (1513): the intellectual genesis of a psychology of power
- 28914.2 Christie and Geis (1970): psychometric operationalization
- 29014.3 Cross-cultural validity of the Mach-IV
- 29114.4 Subclinical Machiavellianism: strategy, moral pragmatism, and cold manipulation
- 29214.5 Differences from narcissism and psychopathy
- 29314.6 Machiavellianism and sexuality
- 29414.7 Machiavellianism and cognitive empathy: the paradox of instrumental understanding
- 29514.8 Machiavellianism and the organizational world
- 29614.9 Genesis of Machiavellianism: developmental perspectives
- 29714.10 Clinical vignette: the Machiavellian in the couple relationship
- 298Bibliography for chapter 14
- 299Introduction
- 30015.1 Hare (1991): the PCL-R and the operational definition
- 30115.2 Primary and secondary psychopathy
- 30215.3 The psychopath's charm as a tool of manipulation
- 30315.4 Prevalence data
- 30415.5 Psychopathy and intimate partner violence
- 30515.6 Psychopathy and moral cognition: from neuroscience to clinical practice
- 30615.7 Female psychopathy: a differential portrait
- 30715.8 Critique of the PCL-R and limits of the model
- 30815.9 Clinical vignette: the subclinical psychopath in an intimate relationship
- 309Bibliography for Chapter 15
- 310Introduction
- 31116.1 Buckels, Trapnell and Paulhus (2013): establishing everyday sadism
- 31216.2 Sadism as the fourth component of the Dark Tetrad
- 31316.3 Manifestations in relationships: humiliation, relish and cruel games
- 31416.4 Neurobiology of sadism
- 31516.5 Therapeutic implications
- 31616.6 Sadism and escalation in abusive relationships
- 31716.7 Sadism and power: the institutional dimension
- 31816.8 Online sadism: trolling as a natural laboratory
- 31916.9 Therapeutic approaches in the presence of sadistic traits
- 320Chapter 16 bibliography
- 321Introduction
- 32217.1 Marcus et al. (2014): definition and measurement of the Spitefulness Scale
- 32317.2 Conceptual distinctions: spite, sadism and aggression
- 32417.3 Manifestations of spite in abusive relationships
- 32517.4 Empirical correlates of spite
- 32617.5 Therapeutic implications
- 32717.6 Spite in separation contexts: systematic destruction
- 32817.7 Evolutionary origins of spite
- 32917.8 Spite and game theory
- 33017.9 Spite, attachment, and developmental trajectories
- 331Bibliography for Chapter 17
- 332Introduction
- 33318.1 Eysenck (1952, 1975): the three-dimensional model of personality
- 33418.2 Neurobiology of psychoticism
- 33518.3 Jones and Neria (2015): psychoticism and the Dark Decade
- 33618.4 Manifestations in the abusive relationship
- 33718.5 Psychoticism, creativity and atypical thinking
- 33818.6 Integration within the framework of the Dark Tetrad and the Dark Decade
- 33918.7 Therapeutic implications
- 34018.8 Psychoticism and caregiving relationships: professionals high on the P dimension
- 34118.9 Psychoticism and creativity: the other side of the dark trait
- 34218.10 Measuring psychoticism: instrumental developments
- 34318.11 Clinical vignette: psychoticism and escalation within the relationship
- 34418.12 Final integration: the Dark Decade as a spectrum
- 345Chapter 18 bibliography
- 346Manipulation as a multidimensional space
- 347Cross-cutting mechanisms
- 348Articulation with the Dark Decade framework
- 349The importance of clinical training
- 350Prospects for the following chapters
- 351Introduction: beyond the lack of empathy
- 35219.1 The construction of CU traits: Frick, White, and the pediatric legacy
- 35319.2 The adult counterpart: callous affect in Hare's PCL-R
- 35419.3 Indifference to the suffering of others: conceptual distinction
- 35519.4 Callous affect and coercive control: the mechanism of progressive desensitization
- 35619.5 Measurement and levels of evidence
- 357Bibliography for Chapter 19
- 358Introduction: mistrust erected into a system
- 35920.1 The Paranoia Checklist by Freeman et al. (2005)
- 36020.2 Pathological mistrust and systematic suspicion in NPD
- 36120.3 Persecutory interpretation of the victim's behaviors
- 36220.4 How paranoia reinforces coercive control: surveillance, accusations, preventive control
- 36320.5 Paranoid ideation and the Dark Decade: theoretical articulation
- 364Bibliography for Chapter 20
- 365Introduction: From Accumulation to Organization
- 36621.1 Coercive Control: Definitions and Conceptual Debates
- 36721.2 From Trait to System: Why the Ennead Exceeds the Sum of Its Parts
- 36821.3 Available Empirical Data
- 36921.4 Theoretical Status and Limits of the Concept
- 37021.5 The Black Ennead and Clinical Practice
- 371Bibliography for Chapter 21
- 372Introduction: At the End of the System
- 37322.1 Infrahumanization: Haslam (2006)
- 37422.2 Secondary Emotions and Infrahumanization: Leyens et al. (2007)
- 37522.3 Dehumanization in Interpersonal Coercive Control: Animalization and Robotization
- 37622.4 The role of dehumanization in the escalation of violence
- 37722.5 How dehumanization allows the manipulator to override his own inhibitions
- 37822.6 The complete Dark Decad: synthesis
- 379Bibliography for Chapter 22
- 380Introduction: two neighboring disorders, two distinct logics
- 38123.1 Shared criteria: the common ground
- 38223.2 Fundamental differences: admiration vs gain
- 38323.3 Frequent comorbidity: the NPD-ASPD profile
- 38423.4 Clinical differential diagnosis
- 385Bibliography for Chapter 23
- 386Introduction: attention as a shared need, as a different end
- 38724.1 Common features: attention, seduction, and superficial relationships
- 38824.2 Fundamental differences: affection vs admiration
- 38924.3 Emotionality vs calculating coldness
- 39024.4 The histrionic subject in a relationship with an NPD subject: a double trap
- 391Bibliography for chapter 24
- 392Introduction: misleading resemblances, different structures
- 39325.1 Misleading resemblances
- 39425.2 Structural differences
- 39525.3 Risk of over-diagnosis of NPD in trauma-victim borderline patients
- 396Bibliography for chapter 25
- 397Introduction: shared mistrust, opposing logics
- 39826.1 Shared mistrust: a surface similarity
- 39926.2 Different motivation: criticism vs threat
- 40026.3 Differences in the therapeutic relationship
- 40126.4 Predominant defense mechanisms
- 40226.5 NPD–PPD comorbidity
- 403Bibliography for Chapter 26
- 404Introduction: toward a clinical practice of complexity
- 40527.1 Prevalence data on NPD comorbidities
- 40627.2 Clinical profile 1: NPD + ASPD (the “severe exploiter” profile)
- 40727.3 Clinical profile 2: NPD + BPD (the “volatile and manipulative” profile)
- 40827.4 Clinical profile 3: NPD + PPD (the “enemy of humankind” profile)
- 40927.5 Comorbidities with Axis I disorders: alcohol, depression, bipolar disorder
- 41027.6 Impact of comorbidities on coercive control and therapy: synthesis
- 41127.7 Toward a dimensional nosography: limits of categories
- 412Bibliography for Chapter 27
- 413Table of contents
- 414Introduction: why love can become a trap
- 4151.1 The Attachment and Loss trilogy: theoretical architecture
- 4161.2 The four attachment styles
- 4171.3 The Adult Attachment Interview and transgenerational continuity
- 4181.4 Earned security: security acquired through therapy
- 419Chapter conclusion
- 420Introduction: the past as matrix of the present
- 4212.1 The ACE Study: the epidemiological demonstration
- 4222.2 Forms of early adversity relevant to coercive control
- 4232.3 Repetition compulsion: between Freud and neuroscience
- 4242.4 Developmental trauma and its sequelae
- 425Chapter conclusion
- 426Introduction: the crack in the foundation
- 4273.1 Self-esteem: architectures and measures
- 4283.2 Toxic shame according to Brown
- 4293.3 The inner critical voice according to Firestone
- 4303.4 Nathanson's compass of shame
- 4313.5 The shame–coercive control vicious circle
- 432Chapter conclusion
- 433Introduction: the gift that turns against you
- 4344.1 Measuring empathy: Davis's IRI
- 4354.2 The paradox of the empathic victim
- 4364.3 Compassion fatigue
- 4374.4 Protective empathy versus fusional empathy
- 438Chapter conclusion
- 439Introduction: when love is confused with need
- 4405.1 Beattie and the foundations of the concept
- 4415.2 Norwood and the passionate dimension
- 4425.3 Fear of abandonment as the central driver
- 4435.4 Distinguishing love from codependency
- 4445.5 Codependency and anxious attachment
- 4455.6 Ways out
- 446Chapter conclusion
- 447Introduction: flooding as a strategy
- 4486.1 The neurochemistry of the initial state of being in love
- 4496.2 Love bombing tactics
- 4506.3 Gratitude and emotional debt
- 4516.4 Absolute conviction and ignored warning signs
- 4526.5 Why love bombing also works on intelligent people
- 453Chapter conclusion
- 454Introduction: the turning point
- 4557.1 The first serious incident
- 4567.2 Cognitive dissonance as a survival mechanism
- 4577.3 The introjection of the manipulator's beliefs
- 4587.4 Gaslighting: the distortion of reality
- 4597.5 The escalation of demands
- 460Chapter conclusion
- 461Introduction: paradoxical attachment
- 4628.1 Dutton and Painter's theory
- 4638.2 Intermittent reinforcement: Skinner's lesson
- 4648.3 The neurochemistry of trauma bonding
- 4658.4 Walker's cycle of violence
- 4668.5 “Just leave”: why it is impossible
- 467Chapter conclusion
- 468Introduction: separation as a second trauma
- 4699.1 Forms of separation
- 4709.2 Post-separation hoovering
- 4719.3 Post-separation games
- 4729.4 No contact: clinical justification and practical application
- 4739.5 Grieving the relationship and the illusion
- 474Chapter conclusion
- 475Introduction: moving beyond the metaphor of the cycle
- 47610.1 Johnson: two forms of intimate partner violence
- 47710.2 Stark: violence as deprivation of liberty
- 47810.3 Psychological violence alone
- 47910.4 French epidemiological data
- 48010.5 Escalation over time
- 48110.6 Psychological violence and developments in French law
- 482Conclusion of the chapter and of the volume
- 483Table of contents
- 484Author's note
- 4851.1 Introduction: why it “works” at the beginning
- 4862.1 Introduction: when separation does not end coercive control
- 4873.1 Introduction: the family as a system
- 4884.1 Introduction: defining intimate partner violence
- 4895.1 Introduction: the seducer in the boardroom
- 4906.1 Introduction: beyond narcissism, the dark sphere
- 4917.1 Introduction: a phenomenon at the intersection of law and psychology
- 4928.1 Introduction: when the organisation becomes the abuser
- 4939.1 Introduction: the question of the link between pathological personalities and economic crises
- 49410.1 Introduction: the appeal of the grandiose in politics
- 49511.1 Introduction: democracy confronted with its flaws
- 49612.1 Introduction: can we speak of a narcissistic culture?
- 49713.1 Introduction: the digital sphere as a narcissistic stage
- 49814.1 Introduction: The cult as institutionalized coercive control
- 49915.1 Introduction: crossing levels of analysis
- 500General bibliography of Volume IV
- 501Table of contents
- 502General introduction
- 503Introduction to Part 1
- 504I. Introduction: why CBT in the aftermath of a narcissistic relationship
- 505II. Beck's cognitive model applied to victims
- 506III. Cognitive restructuring
- 507IV. Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT)
- 508V. Prolonged exposure therapy (PE)
- 509VI. Assertiveness and relational skills
- 510VII. CBT and the management of complex traumatic grief
- 511I. Introduction: beyond the symptom, the matrix of vulnerabilities
- 512II. The eighteen early maladaptive schemas
- 513III. Schema Modes
- 514IV. Therapeutic Techniques
- 515V. Treating the Overcompensator's Defensive Modes
- 516VI. Outcome Assessment in Schema Therapy
- 517I. Introduction: Accepting in Order to Act Better
- 518II. The Hexaflex: the six core processes
- 519III. The ACT matrix and its application to victims of narcissistic abusers
- 520IV. ACT and psychological flexibility as an antidote to coercive control
- 521V. Brief-format and group ACT protocols
- 522Additional note — ACT in a cross-cultural context
- 523I. Introduction and historical context
- 524II. The AIP model (Adaptive Information Processing)
- 525III. The standard eight-phase protocol
- 526IV. Adaptation to complex trauma and to victims of narcissistic abusers
- 527V. EMDR and the body's implicit memories
- 528VI. Efficacy data
- 529I. Introduction: the multidimensionality of the inner self
- 530II. Mapping the parts
- 531III. The therapeutic process: “unblending” and access to the Self
- 532IV. Relevance of IFS in the aftermath of a relationship with a narcissistic abuser
- 533V. The eight Cs of the Self and their therapeutic value
- 534VI. Supervision and the limits of IFS work
- 535I. Introduction: when the body remembers
- 536II. Peter Levine's Somatic Experiencing
- 537III. Pat Ogden's sensorimotor approach
- 538IV. Body work with victims of narcissistic abusers
- 539V. Yoga and movement as therapeutic adjuncts
- 540I. Introduction: toward an integrative therapeutics
- 541II. EMDR–schema therapy integration
- 542III. The IFS-EMDR articulation
- 543IV. The STAIR Narrative Therapy protocol
- 544V. Phased therapy: a structuring principle
- 545VI. Mentalization as a cross-cutting skill
- 546I. Introduction: returning to oneself
- 547II. Mindfulness
- 548III. Kristin Neff's self-compassion
- 549I. Introduction: who am I without him/her?
- 550II. Narrative therapy (White & Epston, 1990)
- 551III. Values Clarification in ACT
- 552IV. Post-Traumatic Growth (PTG)
- 553V. Identity Reconstruction in Post-Separation Co-Parenting Relationships
- 554VI. Integrating Spirituality into Identity Reconstruction
- 555VII. The Stages of Narrative Reconstruction: A Clinical Guide
- 556Introduction to Part 2
- 557I. Introduction: A Demanding Patient, Real Pitfalls
- 558II. Clinical Presentation and Reasons for Consultation
- 559III. Prognostic indicators
- 560IV. Specific features of the therapeutic frame
- 561V. Ethics and limits of work with the narcissistic subject
- 562I. Introduction: the therapeutic relationship as a field of analysis
- 563II. Narcissistic transference according to Heinz Kohut
- 564III. Countertransference: recognizing one's own reactions
- 565IV. Supervision as an ethical requirement
- 566V. The Balint group: learning from collective countertransference
- 567I. Introduction: Dialectics as a Pathway to Change
- 568II. The Biosocial Model and Its Application to NPD
- 569III. The Four DBT Skills Modules
- 570I. Introduction: The Dimension of Meaning in Recovery
- 571II. Carl Rogers and the Fundamental Therapeutic Triad
- 572III. Viktor Frankl and Logotherapy
- 573IV. Irvin Yalom and the Four Existential Givens
- 574V. The person-centered approach and the validation of the narcissistic subject's subjective experience
- 575VI. Logotherapy and the question of responsibility
- 576Introduction to Part 3
- 577I. Introduction: preventing at the source
- 578II. Marc Brackett's RULER program
- 579III. Social-emotional education programs in France
- 580IV. Early parenting support
- 581V. Education in healthy relationships within the school curriculum
- 582I. Introduction: educating the gaze
- 583II. Early warning signals (red flags)
- 584III. Signals of a healthy relationship (green flags)
- 585IV. Intuition and Gendlin's focusing
- 586V. Recognising warning signals specific to different relational contexts
- 587I. Introduction: rebounding without erasing
- 588II. Boris Cyrulnik and Resilience as a Narrative Process
- 589III. George Bonanno and the Four Post-Traumatic Trajectories
- 590IV. Resilience Factors
- 591V. Tedeschi, Calhoun and Post-Traumatic Growth
- 592VI. The Role of Creativity in Resilience
- 593I. Introduction: Emerging from Imposed Isolation
- 594II. The Protective Role of Social Support — the Brewin Meta-Analysis (2000)
- 595III. The Forms of Social Support
- 596IV. Peer Support Groups
- 597V. Romantic relationships after coercive control
- 598V. Online support groups: opportunities and limits
- 599Supplementary note — Social media as a double-edged sword in recovery
- 600I. Introduction: the path is manifold, healing is real
- 601II. Which type of therapy for which profile?
- 602III. The therapeutic relationship: the irreplaceable
- 603IV. The Stages of the Path — A Synthesis
- 604V. A Message of Hope
- 605VI. Emerging Data: Toward Precision Medicine in Psychotraumatology
- 606VII. Which Therapist to Choose? Practical Guidance
- 607VII. The Question of Medication
- 608What Science Says About Healing
- 609What Victims Themselves Report
- 610The responsibility of the clinical field
- 611A.1 Resources for victims (France)
- 612A.2 Resources for professionals
- 613A.3 Annotated bibliography for further reading
- 614Table of contents
- 615Note on use
- 616ACT (ACCEPTANCE AND COMMITMENT THERAPY)
- 617CALLOUS/COLD AFFECT (CALLOUS-UNEMOTIONAL TRAITS)
- 618NARCISSISTIC AGGRESSION
- 619RELATIONAL AGGRESSION (indirect aggression)
- 620PARENTAL ALIENATION
- 621SELF-LOVE vs AMOUR-PROPRE (ROUSSEAU)
- 622ANACLITIC (— DEPRESSION)
- 623POST-COERCIVE-CONTROL ANHEDONIA
- 624ATTACHMENT (THEORY OF) — BOWLBY
- 625ANXIOUS ATTACHMENT
- 626DISORGANIZED ATTACHMENT
- 627AVOIDANT ATTACHMENT
- 628SELF-BLAME (IN COERCIVE CONTROL)
- 629SELF-COMPASSION (KRISTIN NEFF)
- 630BATESON (DOUBLE BIND)
- 631BEATTIE (MELODY) — CODEPENDENCY
- 632BECK (AARON T.) — CBT
- 633BIG FIVE (FIVE-FACTOR MODEL)
- 634BORDERLINE (— PERSONALITY DISORDER) vs NPD
- 635BOWLBY (JOHN) — BIOGRAPHY AND WORK
- 636BROWN (BRENÉ) — SHAME AND VULNERABILITY
- 637CALLOUS-UNEMOTIONAL TRAITS
- 638SMEAR CAMPAIGN
- 639CARPET BOMBING
- 640CHARM (OF THE ABUSER)
- 641SPLITTING (DEFENCE MECHANISM)
- 642CODEPENDENCY
- 643COMPASSION FATIGUE
- 644REPETITION COMPULSION (FREUD)
- 645COUNTERTRANSFERENCE (WITH AN NPD PATIENT)
- 646COERCIVE CONTROL (Coercive Control — Evan Stark)
- 647GUILT INDUCTION (INDUCTION OF GUILT)
- 648CYCLE OF VIOLENCE (LENORE WALKER, 1979)
- 649DARK TETRAD
- 650DARK TRIAD
- 651DARVO (Deny, Attack, Reverse Victim and Offender — Freyd)
- 652THE DARK DECADE (concept original to this encyclopedia)
- 653NARCISSISTIC DEFENSES (splitting, denial, idealization/devaluation, projection)
- 654DENIAL (defense mechanism)
- 655REALITY DENIAL (gaslight)
- 656DEPERSONALIZATION
- 657DEREALIZATION
- 658DEHUMANIZATION (infrahumanization — Haslam)
- 659DEVALUATION (in the idealization/devaluation cycle)
- 660DISSOCIATION (dissociative continuum)
- 661COGNITIVE DISSONANCE (Festinger, 1957 — application to coercive control)
- 662DOUBLE BIND (Bateson et al., 1956)
- 663DSM-5 (Narcissistic Personality Disorder — criteria A–D)
- 664EARNED SECURITY (acquired attachment security)
- 665SELF-ERASURE (in coercive control)
- 666ELLIS (Havelock) — first clinical use of narcissism
- 667EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing)
- 668EMPATHY (deficit in — in the NPD subject)
- 669COGNITIVE EMPATHY vs AFFECTIVE EMPATHY
- 670COERCIVE CONTROL (clinical and legal definition)
- 671BLACK ENNEAD (theoretical concept)
- 672EPIGENETICS AND DARK TRAITS
- 673DANGEROUSNESS ASSESSMENT (Danger Assessment — Campbell)
- 674FALSE SELF (Winnicott)
- 675FEMICIDES (epidemiological data)
- 676FERENCZI (Sandor) — confusion of tongues
- 677FESTINGER
- 678FLYING MONKEYS (abuse by proxy)
- 679FOLIE À DEUX (induced madness)
- 680FRANKL (Viktor) — logotherapy
- 681FREEZE (freeze response)
- 682FREUD (Sigmund) — narcissism (1914)
- 683FREYD (Jennifer) — DARVO and institutional betrayal
- 684FRICK & WHITE — callous-unemotional traits
- 685GASLIGHTING (Robin Stern, 2007)
- 686GOLDEN CHILD (the favored child in the narcissistic family)
- 687GRANDIOSITY
- 688GREEN (André) — the dead mother
- 689GREY ROCK METHOD
- 690HARE (Robert D.) — psychopathy and the PCL-R
- 691HASLAM (Nick) — dehumanization and infrahumanization
- 692HERMAN (Judith) — Trauma and Recovery, C-PTSD
- 693DARK HEXAD
- 694HIRIGOYEN (Marie-France) — Le Harcèlement moral (1998)
- 695TOXIC SHAME
- 696HOOVERING (post-separation suction)
- 697HPA (— axis) and trauma
- 698HYPERVIGILANCE
- 699IDEALIZATION (defence mechanism + relational phase)
- 700IDENTIFICATION WITH THE AGGRESSOR (Anna Freud, Ferenczi)
- 701IFS (Internal Family Systems — Richard Schwartz)
- 702SOMATIC IMPACT OF TRAUMA
- 703ISOLATION (defense mechanism)
- 704ISOLATION (control strategy)
- 705IWM (Internal Working Models)
- 706JANET (Pierre) — dissociation (1889)
- 707JOHNSON (Michael) — situational violence vs. coercive control
- 708KABAT-ZINN (Jon) — MBSR
- 709KERNBERG (Otto) — malignant narcissism, borderline organization
- 710KLEIN (Melanie) — positions, primary envy
- 711KOHUT (Heinz) — self psychology, narcissistic injury
- 712LACAN (Jacques) — mirror stage
- 713LASCH (Christopher) — Culture of Narcissism (1979)
- 714LEVINE (Peter) — Somatic Experiencing
- 715LEYMANN (Heinz) — mobbing
- 716LINEHAN (Marsha) — DBT
- 717LOVE BOMBING (etymology carpet bombing, Moonies 1970s, Margaret Singer)
- 718LOYALTIES (conflicts of — in the narcissistic family)
- 719MACHIAVELLIANISM (Christie & Geis, 1970)
- 720ELDER ABUSE
- 721SPITEFULNESS (Marcus et al., 2014)
- 722DEFENSE MECHANISMS — synthetic table
- 723MIRROR (function of — in the narcissistic relationship)
- 724MIRRORING (the manipulator's active mirroring in the seduction phase)
- 725MODES (schema therapy — Young)
- 726NARCISSISM (differential definition: normal trait / subclinical / NPD)
- 727NARCISSISM AND GENDER (gendered expression of —)
- 728NARCISSISM AND INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE (synthesis)
- 729MALIGNANT NARCISSISM (Kernberg)
- 730PRIMARY / SECONDARY NARCISSISM (Freud, 1914)
- 731HEALTHY NARCISSISM (vs pathological)
- 732NATHANSON (Donald) — compass of shame
- 733NO CONTACT
- 734NORWOOD (Robin) — Women Who Love Too Much
- 735NPD (Narcissistic Personality Disorder) — DSM-5 and ICD-11
- 736PART OBJECT / WHOLE OBJECT (Klein)
- 737DARK OCTAD
- 738OMNIPOTENCE (narcissistic defense)
- 739PERSONALITY ORGANIZATION (Kernberg: neurotic / borderline / psychotic)
- 740NARCISSISTIC PARENTING
- 741PAULHUS & WILLIAMS (2002) — Dark Triad
- 742PCL-R (Psychopathy Checklist-Revised — Hare)
- 743DICHOTOMOUS THINKING (all-or-nothing)
- 744DARK PENTAD
- 745FEAR OF ABANDONMENT
- 746PROJECTION (defense mechanism)
- 747IDENTIFICATORY PROJECTION (projective identification — Klein)
- 748PSYCHOPATHY (subclinical vs clinical)
- 749CORPORATE PSYCHOPATHY (Boddy)
- 750PSYCHOTICISM (Eysenck)
- 751RACAMIER (Paul-Claude) — narcissistic perversion (1986)
- 752NARCISSISTIC RAGE (Kohut)
- 753RED FLAGS (relational warning signals)
- 754LIMITED REPARENTING (schema therapy)
- 755RESILIENCE (Cyrulnik, Bonanno, Tedeschi)
- 756REALITY REVERSAL
- 757ROGERS (Carl) — empathy, congruence, positive regard
- 758ROUSSEAU — self-love vs amour-propre
- 759EVERYDAY SADISM (everyday sadism — Buckels et al., 2013)
- 760EARLY MALADAPTIVE SCHEMAS (Young — the 18 EMS)
- 761SELF (IFS — Schwartz)
- 762SELF (psychology of the — Kohut) vs EGO (Freud)
- 763SILENT TREATMENT (punishment through silence)
- 764SINGER (Margaret) — cults and love bombing
- 765MIRROR STAGE (Lacan)
- 766STARK (Evan) — Coercive Control
- 767STOCKHOLM SYNDROME
- 768AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM AND TRAUMA
- 769DARK TETRAD (Buckels et al., 2013)
- 770TRANSFERENCE (in therapy, specificities with NPD)
- 771TRAUMA BONDING (Dutton & Painter, 1993)
- 772DARK TRIAD (Paulhus & Williams, 2002)
- 773TRIANGULATION (manipulation mechanism)
- 774PTSD (Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder) — DSM-5
- 775C-PTSD (Complex Trauma) — Herman (1992), ICD-11
- 776TWENGE (Jean) — the narcissistic generation
- 777VAN DER HART (Onno) — structural dissociation
- 778VAN DER KOLK (Bessel) — The Body Keeps the Score
- 779INTERPERSONAL VICTIMHOOD (tendency for — TIV)
- 780INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE (definition and types)
- 781PSYCHOLOGICAL VIOLENCE (definition, data)
- 782VIRAGE (survey —, INED 2016)
- 783CONTEMPORARY POPULARIZATION OF NARCISSISM (Durvasula, Malkin, and the YouTube turn)
- 784WALKER (Lenore) — cycle of violence (1979)
- 785WATZLAWICK (Paul) — paradoxical communication
- 786WEBSTER (Daniel J.) — spitefulness
- 787WINNICOTT (Donald W.) — false self, good enough mother
- 788YALOM (Irvin) — existential psychotherapy
- 789YOUNG (Jeffrey E.) — see EARLY MALADAPTIVE SCHEMAS
Get your copy now
PDF €4.99 (instant download, recommended) · Kindle €4.99


